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Basic commands 31

• bash — the command shell
• cd — changing directory
• Getting help at the terminal

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Files and directories 16

• Basic file commands
• Paths — basename, dirname, realpath
• find — searching for files

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Text and search 16

• grep — searching text
• sed and awk — editing and fields in a text stream
• Regular expressions — patterns for grep, sed and awk

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Users and permissions 12

• File permissions
• chmod / chown — permissions and ownership
• Users and groups

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Processes 20

• Processes
• System monitoring: where to start when the server is slow
• Background jobs in the shell — &, jobs, nohup

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Services and systemd 20

• systemd
• systemctl — managing systemd services
• nginx — web server and reverse proxy

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Network 20

• Network diagnostics
• ip — addresses, interfaces and routes
• ss — sockets and ports

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Storage and file systems 14

• Disk space: df, du, inode
• Mounting and fstab
• LVM logical volumes

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Logs and audit 3

• journalctl — reading the systemd journal
• rsyslog — system logs
• Log rotation with logrotate

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Boot 8

• System boot and GRUB
• Kernel modules
• sysctl — kernel parameters at runtime

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Packages 2

• apt / dpkg — package management
• snap — Ubuntu packages

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Security 15

• sudo — running commands as another user
• sshd — the SSH server
• Firewall — nftables / ufw

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Automation 2

• Ansible: inventory, modules and one-off commands
• ansible-playbook: running a playbook

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Containers 4

• Docker — containers: running, ports, volumes, networks
• Container images — layers, tags, registries and digests
• Dockerfile — an image recipe and docker build

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