You have been handed a server. The previous admin writes: "There are no schedules on it, crontab -l is empty." Check whether that is true.
Find the machine's schedules
Check three places: your own cron table, the system file /etc/crontab and the list of systemd timers.
First, predict
What will crontab -l print?
Now start the exercise, run the command and compare your prediction with the output.
Why did crontab -l print no crontab for student, although the machine does have schedules?
-
cron runs alongside the timers: it still launches the jobs in
/etc/crontab.crontab -lknows nothing about timers at all. -
systemctl is-active cronprintsactive. Theno crontaboutput means student has no table of its own. -
sudo crontab -lprintsno crontab for rootas well. root's jobs are in/etc/crontab, a system file rather than a user table.
crontab -l prints the user's personal table, while the machine's schedules are in /etc/crontab and the systemd timers.