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passwd — change or lock a password

cheat sheet · Ubuntu 24.04 · shadow 4.13 https://lab.dimsanych.ru/en/wiki/passwd/

Cheat sheet

passwd change your own password
sudo passwd alice set someone's password, no old one needed
sudo passwd -S alice password status
sudo passwd -l alice lock password login
sudo passwd -u alice unlock
sudo passwd -e alice force a change at next login
sudo passwd -d alice delete the password (login without one!)
sudo passwd -x 90 -w 7 alice max age 90 days, warn 7 days ahead
echo 'alice:NewPass-2026' | sudo chpasswd from a script

Options

chage shows password ages in more detail (chage -l alice). Full list of options — man passwd.