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Output redirection and pipelines

cheat sheet · Ubuntu 24.04 · Bash 5.2 https://lab.dimsanych.ru/en/wiki/redirection/

Cheat sheet

cmd > out.txt output to a file (overwrite)
cmd >> out.txt output appended to a file
cmd 2> err.txt errors to a file
cmd > all.txt 2>&1 output and errors in one file
cmd &> all.txt the same, shorter (bash)
cmd 2>/dev/null throw errors away
cmd < in.txt input from a file
cmd1 | cmd2 cmd1's output into cmd2's input
cmd 2>&1 | less into a pipe together with errors
cmd | tee out.txt both to the screen and to a file